Plagiarism Policy

This journal is committed to maintaining the highest standards of academic integrity and ethical publication practices. All submitted manuscripts must be original and free from plagiarism.

Definition of Plagiarism

Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

• Copying text, ideas, data, or images from other sources without proper acknowledgment.

• Submitting another person’s work as one’s own.

• Excessive similarity to previously published works, including self-plagiarism.

• Paraphrasing substantial parts of another work without proper citation.

Plagiarism Screening

All submitted manuscripts are screened using plagiarism detection software such as Turnitin, iThenticate, or equivalent tools before being sent for peer review.

Similarity Threshold

• The maximum acceptable similarity index is 20%, excluding references, bibliography, quotations, and commonly used phrases.

• A single-source similarity must not exceed 5%.

• Manuscripts exceeding these limits will be returned to authors for revision or rejected.

Handling of Plagiarism

• Minor similarity: Authors will be asked to revise the manuscript.

• Moderate similarity: Manuscript will be rejected and may be resubmitted after substantial revision.

• Severe plagiarism: Manuscript will be rejected outright, and the author(s) may be blacklisted for future submissions.

If plagiarism is detected after publication, the article will be retracted, and a retraction notice will be published.

Author Responsibility

Authors are responsible for ensuring the originality of their work and for properly citing all sources. Submission of a manuscript implies that the work is original and has not been published or submitted elsewhere.